Summer Diseases

During the summer season, certain diseases and health conditions may be more prevalent due to various factors such as increased outdoor activities, exposure to insects, higher temperatures, and changes in diet. Here are some common summer diseases and their types:

1. Sunburn: Sunburn occurs when the skin is overexposed to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. It can lead to redness, pain, blistering, and peeling of the skin.

2. Heat exhaustion: Heat exhaustion is a condition that occurs due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and inadequate fluid intake. Symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, nausea, headache, and excessive sweating.

3. Heatstroke: Heatstroke is a severe condition that can be life-threatening. It happens when the body’s temperature regulation system fails, leading to a rapid increase in body temperature. Symptoms include a high body temperature, confusion, rapid heartbeat, headache, and loss of consciousness.

4. Dehydration: Dehydration can occur when the body loses more fluids than it takes in. Hot weather, increased sweating, and insufficient fluid intake can lead to dehydration. Symptoms include thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and dark urine.

5. Foodborne illnesses: During summer, foodborne illnesses can become more common due to the consumption of contaminated food or improper food handling in warmer temperatures. Bacterial infections like Salmonella and E. coli can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever.

6. Insect-borne diseases: Mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects are more active during the summer, increasing the risk of insect-borne diseases. Examples include:

a. West Nile virus: Transmitted through mosquito bites, it can cause flu-like symptoms, fever, headache, and in severe cases, neurological complications.

b. Lyme disease: Transmitted through tick bites, it can cause fever, fatigue, joint pain, and skin rash. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious symptoms affecting the heart, joints, and nervous system.

c. Dengue fever: Common in tropical and subtropical regions, it is transmitted by mosquitoes. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, and rash.

d. Chikungunya: Also transmitted by mosquitoes, it causes fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, and rash.

7. Swimming-related illnesses: Recreational water activities during summer can lead to waterborne illnesses if the water is contaminated with bacteria or parasites. Examples include gastrointestinal infections, skin infections, and respiratory illnesses.

As soon as the summer season is called, the season of diseases is also considered. In this season, the infection of bacteria and viruses is especially common. The recent change in global temperature has also had an environmental impact in our country.

According to doctors, diseases such as typhoid fever, diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis etc. are more active during this season due to contaminated food and water. In addition, dengue, malaria, Japanese Insomnia, disease transmitted by insect and mosquito bites, scurvy and kala-azar are also active during this season.

Diseases like typhoid, hepatitis ‘E’ and ‘A’ diarrhoea, cholera and diarrhea are caused due to contaminated water and food. These diseases are spread by eating food that is rotten in hot weather, flies, places where there is no good hygiene and also if you do not clean yourself properly.

With the onset of summer, different types of health problems appear in the human body. Especially at this time there is fear of various types of infections. The risk of infection is also high during this time as food rots quickly and flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches are also found on top of it.

At this time, problems like fever, cold, diarrhea may appear. Since the digestive system is weak and food is not digested easily, there are more problems at this time than at other times. In summer, the immunity of the body is also weak. Therefore, there is fear of infectious diseases in the rain.

There are many problems like cold and fever in this season. What causes such a problem during summer? First of all, let’s mention something about it.

Cause of disease spread

– Water accumulates in places, mosquitoes spread in it. Therefore, this can be one of the reasons for the spread of dengue and malaria.

– Poisonous animals, insects, flies, etc. can spread the infection through water and food.

– The spread of contamination in the air.

– Bile disorder. (Because diseases caused by gallstones are the biggest cause of fever.)

– Hot body gets cold immediately.

– Walking in the hot sun.

– Soak in water.

How to take precautions

-If you have a fever, you should stay in a room with open air. You should rest as much as possible.

– Eat light and digestible food.

– Drink milk, tea, juice. However, do not eat fried, fried or spicy food.

– Don’t do too much physical labor.

These communicable diseases are as follows:

Dehydration

Dehydration is a problem in summer due to excessive sweating or physical activity. Headache, tiredness, dry throat or lips, change in color of urine, pain in hands and feet, tingling etc. are symptoms of dehydration.

Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Even if you are busy at work, you should drink water in between. Even if you are exercising, you should drink water after every twenty minutes. Drink at least 4-5 glasses of lemon water every day.

Food poisoning

There is also a possibility of food poisoning in summer. Many people can get heat poisoning because bacteria spread quickly in many foods during the summer season. If there is vomiting, chills, fever, diarrhea, headache, body ache, it must be food poisoning.

To get immediate relief from food poisoning, drink a glass of warm water mixed with lemon, salt, and sugar. Milk or dairy production should be avoided as well as non-vegetarian food.

Food poisoning can also be avoided by adopting some home remedies. For that, it is better to take a teaspoon of honey mixed with a few drops of ginger juice to reduce stomach irritation and pain. To get immediate relief in case of nausea and pain, one tea spoon of milk should be mixed with one spoon of fenugreek seeds.

eye problems

Allergies and infections are more likely in summer. It causes conjunctivitis in the eyes. Its symptoms are redness, swelling, itching and stickiness of the eyes. To avoid this problem, you should avoid the sun.If you have to go out in the sun, you should use sunglasses. Hands should be kept clean often, for that, hands should be washed with antiseptic soap. You should sleep well. If sleep is not complete, the immune system becomes weak, due to which the body’s ability to fight infection is reduced.

In case of eye problems, it is beneficial for children to use 2-3 drops of mother’s milk in both eyes. Applying a few drops of raw goat or cow’s milk to the eyes also cures this infection quickly. Cut raw potato and apply it on the eyes to cure eye swelling.

 

Diarrhea

Contaminated water and food causes diarrhoea. Contaminated food and water contain bacteria that cause infections such as coliform and E. coli, Vibrio cholera, and cholera. During consumption of food and water, it enters the stomach and causes diarrhoea.
After diarrhoea, frequent loose stools and abdominal pain. If diarrhea is not treated on time, the amount of water and salt in the body decreases and dehydration occurs. The patient may even die due to dehydration. As this disease is caused by rotten food and contaminated water, this disease can be avoided by eating clean water and food in summer season.
Doctors say that workers and laborers who eat lunch and dinner outside the house are more prone to diarrhea infection. In the capital, even bottled water is unsafe and it seems that sewage is mixed in the water pipes and even when such water is used, diarrheal infection occurs. If you are suffering from this disease, you should consume as much water and soft drinks as possible. If there is diarrhea along with vomiting, then the doctor suggests that you should go to the hospital.

Cholera

Cholera infection occurs when Vibrio cholerae, a bacterium found in water or food mixed with faeces, enters the stomach during consumption of water or food. Due to the monsoon, the water source underground pipes, streams and wells are contaminated and if we use such water, this bacteria enters our stomach. After reaching the stomach, symptoms such as abdominal pain, frequent loose stools, and vomiting are seen. Frequent vomiting and loose stools lead to loss of salt and water in the body and dehydration. People suffering from cholera should drink more water and be treated according to the advice of health workers. Since the infection of this disease is annual in Nepal, doctors suggest that if you are careful about cleanliness, you can avoid getting this disease.

symptoms

– Having stools more than three times a day
– Vomiting
– Easy stools
– Body weakness
– Body muscle spasms

How to avoid

– Do not eat contaminated food and water
– Eat only after boiling or purifying water
Mandatory hand washing before eating
– Compulsory hand washing after coming from the toilet or public place
– If you have to eat out, eat only in reliable places
– Do not eat rotten and stale food
Pay attention to personal hygiene

Hepatitis (jaundice)

Hepatitis ‘A’ and ‘E’ viruses that live in contaminated water enter the human stomach through any means, it becomes hepatitis A and E infection. Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. There are other causes of hepatitis, but hepatitis A and E found in water are considered to be more active in summer. In summer and monsoon, if the water source is contaminated and there is a lack of cleanliness, this virus enters the human stomach.
This disease is caused by water or food mixed with faeces. After infection, the disease will heal itself in one to two months. However, if a pregnant woman is infected with the hepatitis E virus, there is a 30 percent chance of death. Pregnant women should be treated immediately if these symptoms appear.

symptoms

– Yellow eyes
– The body will be yellow
– Abdominal pain
– Reluctance to eat
-Speech-sickness

How to avoid?

– Drink clean water
-Eat clean food
Pay attention to personal hygiene

Malaria

Malaria is seen in the far west, up to Kanchanpur. Malaria occurs when a parasite called falciparum infects the body through the bite of a mosquito. Symptoms of malaria appear within 12 to 14 days after being bitten. If not treated in time, it affects the nervous system and also causes brain fever. If not treated on time, the patient may even die.
Also, this disease damages the kidneys and liver. In case of infection of this disease, symptoms such as fever and sweating are seen. There is also a belief that fever must occur to cause malaria. Fever is the main symptom of this disease. The government of Nepal provides free medicine for this disease through its health institutions. It is also treated in other hospitals.

symptoms

– Work fever
– Sweating
– Liver pain

How to avoid?

Avoid mosquito bites
– Keep the environment around the house clean
– Do a malaria test as soon as you have a fever
-Sleep with a swing
– Wear full sleeved clothing

Dengue fever

Dengue is a disease that occurs only in summer. According to the doctor, dengue is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. It spreads in places such as frozen old and clean water, AC, pot water, car tires, open dishes etc.
Symptoms appear within 5 to 10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If an infected mosquito bites the same person twice, it takes a complicated form. This mosquito is more active in the morning and afternoon.
Dengue infection can lead to bleeding and death in immunocompromised people.
Cetamol should be given in fever, saline should be given in dehydration and blood should be given in case of excessive bleeding. Any of the symptoms mentioned above should be treated only on the advice of a doctor. The doctor suggests that you should eat a lot of food and drink water.

symptoms

– Body aches a lot
– High fever
– No fever
– Red and blue spots on the body
– Vomiting
– Internal bleeding
– Decreasing the amount of water in the body

How to avoid?

– Wear clothes that cover the body
-Putting on the body an ointment that affects mosquitoes
– Do not keep containers open for storing clean water
-Destroying mosquito larvae in time

Scrotyphus

This disease occurs after the bacterium Orencia susugamosi, which lives in a parasite (kerna) that lives in the bush, enters the human body. In 5 to 6 days after being bitten by an insect, symptoms such as fever, red rash on the body, body pain, and swelling of the glands are seen. Black spots are visible on the part bitten by the parasite and some may not be visible.
After entering the body through the skin, this ‘Orencia’ bacterium moves to other parts through the blood. If it is not treated in time, it can spread to other organs of the body, including the heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys, and the patient may die. Since this disease has been seen continuously in the past years, doctors have suggested to be careful this year as well.

symptoms

– Fever
– Red spots on the body
– Body aches
– Glandular swelling

How to avoid?

– Don’t sit on bushes or fences and don’t walk with bare feet
– Keeping clean around the house
– Don’t sleep in the forest or in the bush
– Use gloves when going to the farm

Kalazar

Kalajar, which was seen in the Terai district in the past, has been found to have spread from the hills to the Himalayan districts in recent years. Humans get bitten by a wasp called a senfly. After entering the body, it destroys the liver, liver and blood cells as well.
The flea beetle carries a parasite called Leishminensis. It lives in dung, cracked walls, damp places, rat holes, cowsheds, cowsheds, mud houses, cattle and human dwellings. Symptoms appear within 2 to 6 months after being bitten by this tick. This fungus spreads at a temperature of 16 to 30 degrees. It is more active from February to June-July. If this disease is not treated in time, it can lead to complications and even death.
After taking this medicine regularly, it can be cured. But the medicine should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor and nurse. At present, kalazar is treated in zonal hospitals, regional hospitals and medical colleges of Nepal.

symptoms

– Fever for more than two weeks
-People are getting thinner
– Internal organ failure and liver swelling
– The right abdomen is enlarged
– Even if you eat a little, you feel like you are hungry

How to avoid?

Avoiding mosquito bites
-Do not allow house dust to settle by avoiding holes in houses with cattle and soil holes.
– Keeping clean around the house

Snake bite

During the summer season, when it rains, the snake bites the grass in the hills and plains. Terai snakes are more venomous than mountain snakes. The doctor suggests that snakes should not be too afraid of bite the mountain snake is less poisonous than the Terai snake and Tokiha is also not fatal.
According to doctors, there are more cases of patients fainting due to fear of being bitten by a snake rather than due to snake venom. Tokiha also says that not all snakes release venom. Even if a mountain snake bite does not kill, it can be dangerous for the bitten body, so after being bitten, one should be cautious in various ways. Terai snakes are poisonous and should be treated as soon as possible to prevent the poison from spreading.
Instead of panicking when bitten by a snake, sportsmen should use a light bandage (sport bandage) on the bitten part and the patient should sit without moving because the poison spreads in the body when moving. Do not self-medicate after a snake bite. You should immediately tie a light bandage and reach the hospital as soon as possible. The bandage should not be tied too tightly above the snake bite. Repeat. Bad pressure later affects the blood clotting process.

In some cases, problems such as internal and external bleeding and blisters are seen.
The cells of the parts that are not able to circulate the blood may be destroyed and even the limb may have to be amputated.

What will the snake do to bite:
– Don’t panic
– The patient should not stir
– Lightly bind with a pressure bandage near the bitten part
– Lay the patient on a clean floor
– Provide as many health posts as possible
– Do not tie the bandage tightly
– Do not use any medication on the bite area

Snake bites can be a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Here’s some information on the causes, prevention, and treatment of snake bites:

Causes:

Snake bites occur when a snake injects venom into a person’s body through its fangs. Venomous snakes have specialized venom glands that produce toxins, which can have various effects on the human body. Not all snake bites are venomous, but it is essential to treat all snake bites as potentially venomous until confirmed otherwise.

Prevention:

To prevent snake bites, consider the following measures:

1. Wear protective clothing: When walking in areas where snakes may be present, such as tall grass or rocky terrain, wear long pants, boots, and thick socks to reduce the risk of snake fangs reaching the skin.

2. Watch your step: Be cautious when hiking or exploring in snake-prone areas. Look carefully at where you’re stepping, and avoid placing your hands in areas you cannot see clearly.

3. Avoid provoking snakes: Do not try to handle or provoke snakes, even if you believe they are non-venomous. Keep a safe distance and let them move away on their own.

4. Be aware of surroundings: Pay attention to warning signs indicating the presence of snakes, such as snake habitats or nature reserve guidelines.

Treatment:

If you or someone else is bitten by a snake, take the following steps:

1. Seek medical help immediately: Call emergency services or go to the nearest hospital with snakebite treatment capabilities. Time is critical in receiving appropriate medical care.

2. Stay calm and still: Keeping calm can slow down the spread of venom. Immobilize the bitten limb or affected area and keep it below the level of the heart, if possible.

3. Remove restrictive items: If there are items like rings or tight clothing near the bite site, remove them because swelling may occur.

4. Do not apply ice or use a tourniquet: These measures are generally not recommended as they can cause further tissue damage.

5. Don’t try to suck out the venom: Traditional methods of sucking out venom, such as using a suction device or trying to extract it orally, are not effective and can lead to further complications.

6. Monitor vital signs: Keep an eye on the person’s breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure while waiting for medical help.

It’s important to remember that treatment for snake bites requires specialized medical care. The administration of antivenom, pain management, wound care, and monitoring for potential complications will be carried out by healthcare professionals.